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Bank of Issue in Poland
Bank of Issue in Poland ((ポーランド語:Bank Emisyjny w Polsce), (ドイツ語:Emissionbank in Polen), also translated into English variously as the ''Bank of Issue'', ''Issue Bank'', ''Issuing Bank'' or ''Emitting Bank in Poland'') was a bank created by the Germans in the General Government (Nazi occupied Poland) in 1940.〔Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, ''Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, ISBN 0-313-26007-9, (Google Print, p. 26 )〕
==Creation==
After the German invasion of Poland, the Reichsbank decided not to introduce German currency there, as it did not want to increase the money supply. Instead, it introduced a system of Reichskreditkassen (''credit offices of the German Reich''), which issued temporary bonds. This system, intended to be temporary from the beginning, was to be replaced by a new German controlled currency and central banks in occupied territories.〔Andrzej Gojski, ''Etapy i cele niemieckiej polityki bankowej w GG. Plany niemieckie wobec Generalnego Gubernatorstwa w latach 1939-1945'', BANK I KREDYT, August 2004, (pdf )〕 In the meantime, various Polish banks and credit institutions were temporarily closed, while some of their assets were nationalized by the German government. Many people lost their savings.〔〔Zbigniew Landau, Jerzy Tomaszewski, ''The Polish Economy in the Twentieth Century'', Published by Routledge, 1985, ISBN 0-7099-1607-8, (Google Print, p.168-169 )〕 In particular, institutions with Jewish ownership were targeted, as well as Jewish customers.〔 At the same time, German banks began opening their offices in the newly available territories.〔 The plans for a complete takeover of the Polish financial system by the Germans was never finished before the war ended.〔
On 15 December Hans Frank, the governor of the General Government, passed a decree creating the Bank Emisyjny, which began operating in April.〔〔 Bank Emisyjny was located in Kraków.〔〔Andrzej Jezierski, Andrzej Jezierski, Cecylia Leszczyńska, Cecylia Leszczyńska, ''Historia gospodarcza Polski'', Key Text Wydawnictwo, 2003,ISBN 83-87251-71-2, (Google Print, p.366-367 )〕 It was the only institution in occupied Poland with the name Poland in its title.
It was headed by Polish economist, Feliks Młynarski.〔 His German supervisor, and representative of the Reichsbank, was Fritz Paersch.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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